Machine-gun



L. E. HODGES.

MACHiNE GUN."

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 25, 1919.

Patented Dec. 6, 1921.

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MACHINE GUN.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 25. 1919.

Patented Dec. 6, 1921.-

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L. E. HODGES.

MACHINE GUN.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.25. I919.

1,399,1 1 9. Patented Dec. 6, 1921.

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MACHINE GUN.

I APPLICATION FILED SEPT.25 1919- l,399,1 19, Patented Dec. 6, 1921.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5- j VUENTOR PATENT oFFicE.

LLOYD EARL HODGES, 0F GLENDORA, CALIFORNIA.

MACHINE-GUN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 6, 1921.

Application filed September 25, 1919. Serial No. 328,612.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LLOYD EARL Honons, a subject of the King of England,and a resident of Glendora, in the county of Los Angeles and State ofCalifornia, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Machine-Guns, ofwhich the following is a specification.

My invention relates to and has for its object the provision of amachine gun having means whereby a succession of cartridge containers,or holders, may be fed through the gun, 2'. e. to and from firingposition, together with means for holding the cartridges and theircontainers stationary while the gun is fired and ejecting the shellswith the containers thereafter.

Another object is to provide in a machine gun of the character stated, apair of opposed rotors having chambers formed therein for holding andcentering the cartridges before the barrel of the gun, one of saidrotors being positively driven as the gun is cocked for moving thecartridges into firing position and the other rotor being operated bythe movement of the cartridge containers.

A further object is to provide in the usual gas and spring actuated gun,means for moving cartridges in rapid succession through the gun and forholding said cartridges in stationary positions while the gun is beingfired, whereby the usual shell ejecting mechanism may be dispensed withand a more simple mechanism provided. Other objects will appear in thedetailed description hereinafter ifollowing.

Referring now particularly to the drawings forming a part of thisapplication and appended hereto:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved gun, assembled for use;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the same;

Fig. 3 is a muzzle end elevation of the same;

V Fig. 4 is a section of of Fig. 2; e 8

Fig. 5 is a detail of the steam vent of the water jacket; i

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary section of the water jacket showing the steamvent connections;

Fig. 7 is a plan view; Fig. 8 is a sectional plan; Fig. 9 is a rear endelevation;

the gun on line Fig. 10 is a section on line 1010 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 11 is a section on line 1111 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 12 is a sectionon line 44 of Fig. 2 with the internal mechanismomitted, parts being broken away to show the connectio between the framemembers;

Fig. 13 is a section showing a face view of one of the rotor clutchmembers;

Fig. 14 is a perspective view of one of the rotors;

Fig. 15 is a rear end elevation of the gun and cartridge reel attachedthereto.

Similar characters of reference are employed throughout thespecifications and the several views of the drawings for indicating thesame and like parts.

Briefly described, this invention includes a separable frame to which isattached a barrel and water jacket or other suitable cooling device, theusual method of cocking the-gun by means of the gases generated in thebore of the gun and spring means for firing the gun, together with myimproved means for feeding the cartridges to and ejecting the emptyshells from the gun, as hereinafter more clearly set forth, togetherwith new and novel arrangements and details.-

The frame F is composed of a main member 1 which forms one side for thegun and to which a handle 2 is attached at the rear end betweenextensions 3 and 4:, and a removable side plate 5. Member 5 may beremovably held at the rear .end on member 1 by means of a hand screw 6adapted to be carried in member 5 and to be threaded for a shortdistance into member 1, while the front end may be held on member 1 bymeans of the short screw 7 carried in a bore 8, as shown.

It will be observed that the cross section of the main part of the frameis rectangular while the front portionthereof is elliptical, preferably,members 1 and 5 being joined on the center-line'where possible so thatall bores and recesses and chambers formed in the frame may be halvedwhen the frame members are separated, thus affording access to suchplaces for the purpose of cleaning or other purposes.

Member 5 has a pistol grip 9 formed integral therewith or attachedthereto on the lower side of the frame and forward of said pistol gripand on the bottom side of length. 4 0

member 1, I provide a lug 10 to which may be attached by suitable meansa tripod or other supporting structure for the gun while in operation. Atripod 11 is indicated in the drawings for this purpose and a bracket 12is used on the tripod for attachment to the In 10.

An elongate chamber 13 is formed in the rear frame portion of members 1and 5, in which may be carried any necessary tools, oil cans, or otherdevices and at the bottom of said chamber a horizontal partition 14 isprovided which separates chamber 13 from the lower chamber. An end 16closes the rear ends of both of said chambers and a central, orintermediate partition, or wall, 17 separates the rear chambers from arotor chamber 18 in which a pair of rotors R and R are rotatably mountedfor operation. Frame members 1 and 5 have a front wall 18, and, as shownin Fig. 12, member 1 has a boss 19, which fits into a correspondingrecess in member 5 so that the barrel B, which is adapted to be screwedinto said boss, may be firmly held therein.

' Now, it will be noted that all of the chambers formed in the frame andhereinbefore mentioned are halved so that when the frame members areseparated access may be had thereto for any purpose.

The barrel B is positioned in the exact center of the gun preferably andshould be so attached to the'frame member 5 as to insure a water proofjoint at the partition 18. A water jacket W, or other cooling device maybe attached to the front end 18 of the frame F, so as to encompass thebarrel B throu hout the major portion of its have shown a water jacketas a cooling device, as' this form of device is perhaps best known inthe art, and the upper portion of the jacket may have a filling cap 20,while the lower portion thereof should have a drain ca 21, as shown. Thebarrel B extends entire y through the water jacket and projects slightlytherebeyond, a suitable packing gland 22 being provided at the front endof the jacket so that water may not escape from the jacket at thispoint.

The action of the gun serves to heat the water carried in the jacket W,and'steam is thus generated which may escape through a tube 23 supportedat its rear end on a conical projection 24 and at its forward end in apacking gland 25 attached to the water jacket end 26. A vent tube 27leads from the gland 25 to the atmosphere and a hose 28 may be attachedto said tubefor carrying the steam to any desired point.

A valve V is providedin steam tube 23 near its front end and includes avalve proper 29, attached to a lever 30, said ,lever beingpivotallyattached to lugs 31 on the is inclined so that the front end islower than the rear end, the valve V will be closed and prevent theleakage of water therethrough, the steam being discharged throu h anorifice 32 in the rear end of the tu 23. When the gun is elevated sothat the front end is higher than the rear end, then the valve V willopen and steam may escape therethrough.

A receptacle A is removably attached to the lower portion of the waterjacket'W and communicates with the bore 33 of the barrel B by means of atube 34, one end of said tube being threaded into a boss 35 on saidbarrel and the other end having an adjusting nut 36' by means of whichthe tube may be attached to the receptacle A. Thus the gas from bore 33may be conveyed to the chamber 37 in the receptacle A. A cylinder 'C-connects with the rear end of the receptacle A at one end and with thefront end of frame member 5 at the other, between which members cylinderC is stationarily supported. A piston P is slidably held "in the bore 38of said cylinder and is adapted to be moved rearwardly in said bore by.means of the gases generated in bore 33 of the barrel ]3 and admitted tocylinder C through an aperture 39 in receptacle A controlled by aneedlevalve N adjustably held on said receptacle.

Piston P has a connecting rod 40 connected therewith which extendsrearwardly in cylinder C and 'through front wall 18 of frame F where therear end is connected with a main operating member 0 slidably containedin the lower chamber 15 of frame F, so that as piston P is movedrearwardly in cylinder C, the operating member 0 will also be movedrearwardly for a like distance. A main spring S which is adjustably heldbetween a shoulder 41 on member and an adjusting screw 42, carried inthe rear end of member 5 serves to restore the memberO to normalposition shown in Fig. 1. Adjusting screw 42 may have an extended stem43 suitably reduced for centering the spring S and slidably held in abore 44 in the portion 45 of member 0.

Rotor R is rotatably held in the .upper portion of the chamber 18 ontrunnions 46, 46. carried in bores 47 and 47, respectively, inpartitions 18 and 17, said bores being suitably bushed with bearingmetal, as at 48, 48. Rotor R is similarly held in the lower portion ofchamber 18 on trunnions' 49 and 49' carried in bores 50 and 50,respectively, and has bearings 51, 51, the trunnions 49' being extendedsubstantially to the rear of partition 17 and"carried in a lug 52 onmember 5. The rotors R and R, as

shown in Fig. 14, have a plurality of regularly spaced, semi-circularperipheral chambers 0, 0, etc., formed therein, the contour of whichsubstantially conform to the cartridge containers hereinafter describedand adapted to be used in the gun and the length of said chambers isslightly greater than the extreme length of the containers.

The rotors R and R are spaced so that their arcs almost touch thecentral point therebetween on the center line of the barrel B, e. theaxes of the rotors are equally spaced on opposite sides ofthe axis ofthe barrel. In order that the cartridges may be closely held in thechambers c, 0 of the rotors raised facets f, f, etc., are provided atthe edges of the chambers for the reason that such chambers when out ona circle fall slightly short of a perfect half circle and it isdesirable that the cartridges should be held firmly in position beforethe bore 33 of the barrel B when fired. It is understood that acartridge is held between the two rotors in the opposite chambers a, c.

A firing pin 53 is provided in a bore in members 1 and 5, an enlargement55 being provided thereon which slidesin a recess 56 in which a spring57 is held, said sprlng being adapted to compress between portion 55 ofthe pin and the front end of recess 56 for' retracting the pin 53. Therear end of pin 53 is adapted to be engaged by a vertical extension 57on operating member 0, as mdicated in Fig. 2.

The trunnion 49' of rotor R carries a cylinder 58 which is loose andadapted to slide longitudinally and rotate thereon, the periphery ofsaid cylinder having a spiral groove 59 formed therein and the rear endthereof having ratchet teeth 60 thereon which are adapted to alternatelyengage and disengage similar teeth 60' on a flange member 61 carried ona squared or flattened portion 61' of trunnion 49. Groove 59, isextended slightly at the end parallel with the axis of trunnion 49 andis adapted to be constantly engaged by a lug 62 on operating member 0,so that as member 0 is reciprocated the cylinder 58 will be rotated andalso slightly reciprocated at the ends of each stroke. With the initialrearward stroke of the member 0, the lug 62 will slide rear- 'wardly ingroove 59 until the spiral portion of said groove is attained, whereuponthe friction thereagainst will be sufficient to move the cylinder 58rearwardly until the clutch teeth 60 and 60' are engaged, and thefurther rearward movement of the member 0 will cause the lug 62 to turnthe cylinder 58 and clutch member 61, also trunnion 49'. The turning ofthe trunnion serves to rotate the rotor R, a distance equal to thepitch. of the chambers on the periphery thereof at each operation ofmember IVhen the end of each stroke is reached, the spring S willrestore the mechanism to normal positions and force the portion 57 ofmember 0 with sufiicient power againstthe firing pin 53, the forwardmovement of member 0 in such case servm to disengage the clutch teeth 60and 60' an to rotate the cylinder C in a reverse direction in readinessfor another operation.

The chambers 0, 0, etc., of rotor R are adapted to be engaged at thebottom of the circle of movement by a tongue 63 on member O whichprojects forwardly into recess 18, so that when the member 0 is innormal or forward position the rotors R and R ma not be turned.Likewise, when member has been moved rearwardly into cocked position andthe tongue 63 is disengaged. from tion before the firing pin 53. Detent65 will I remain positioned at either extreme of action by means of aflat spring 66 attached to one side thereof and adapted to frictionallyengage the side of frame member 1. member 0 is restored the tongue 63engages detent 65 and depresses the same into the position shown in Fig.2.

The trigger 67 is pivoted at 68 within the usual guard 68 and has asafety latch 69 slidably carried in member 5 of the frame with aprojection 70 extended through a slot 71 in member 5. Latch 69 isadapted to slide backward and forward for the purpose of latching andunlatching the trigger for action. portion of said latch may engage anotch 72 in the trigger and the movement thereof may be'eflected bymeans of the thumb or finger piece 70.

In operation, the gun must be cocked by hand, a cocking thumb piece 73being attached to member 0 and extended throu h a slot 75 in member 5for this purpose ember O is locked at its rearward extreme of action bymeans of a dog 7 6' having a bifurcated end 77, and held upwardly by aspring 76', the lower furcation of which engages a pro ection 78 on thetrigger and the upper furc ation being adapted to engage a shoulder, orbent, 79,onthe bottom of member 0. When the safety latch is releasedfrom the trigger, the trigger may be pulled "and the member 0 willbe'released from the dog 76 and caused to strike forcibly the firing pin53, through the agency of the spring 8.

I have shown a practical form of cartridge belt which is composed of aconvenient number of cartridge containers, or holders, 80, 80, etc.,either formed integral with or attached to a series of links L, L, etc.,hinged together at 81, 81, etc. These containers are 0. adapted to fitclosely. the contour of the cartridges and to completely inclose thesame exceptat the ends, the outer peripheries thereof similarly fittingclosely the peripheral chambers 0, 0, etc., of the rotors R and R. Asuitable and convenient number of When such containers and links may beprovided in a reel 83 carried on a bracket 84 removably attachable tothe frame F of the gun, so that one reel may be substituted for another.The belt like cartridge holder must first be fed into the gun through anorifice 85 in member 1, so that the first of the containers 80 willregister with the chambers 0, c, of the rotors, the pitch or spacing ofthe containers being the same as that of the chambers. The furtheraction of the gun will rotate the rotors R and R in the same mannerdescribed and serve to draw other of the containers in regularsuccession into firing position from whence, the empty shells stillremaining in the containers, said containers will be ejected from thegun throu an orifice 86 in the member 5 of the frame.

Peripheral cuts 87, 87, etc., are also formed in the rotors R and R topermit the hinges of the links L, L, to pass between and over the rotorsduring the movement of the cartridge belt through the gun.

The gun may be cleared by moving the member 0 rearwardly for a shortdistance and then retractin the same sufliciently to disengage theclutdli teeth 60 and 60, member 0 being then latched against operationby means of a latch 90 on the exterior of the plate 5, as shown inFig. 1. This latch will hold the tongue 63 out of engagement with rotorchambers 0 and ermit the turning of the rotors R and R. his also servesas an auxiliary safety latch.

The water jacket W may be attached to the frame F by any suitable means,but I have shown a hinged clamp 91 extended around the jacket near therear end and attached to the lower portion of the frame F by means of ahand screw 92, as indicated particularly in Fig. 1.

It will be observed that my gun may be,

readily. assembled and disassembled practlcally without tools of anykind, the number of parts being reduced to a minimum by the omission ofthe usual injectingand eject- 1ng mechanism for the cartridges; whereasI have provided cartridge carriers whereby the cartridges will be heldtherein at all times during and after the passage of the carrier throughthe gun, thus eliminating the usual ejecting mechanism.

It-is designed that the water jacket and barrel may be placed inposition on the frame F by givlnga quarter turn thereto andsubsequentlyclamping the same in po sition by means of theclamp 91 asshown and described. 'Frame members 1 and 5 are separated quickly by theturning of hand screw 6 and screw.7, thus exposing all of the internalcha'mbersof the gun, together with the mechanism which is heldtherein.

- It is conceived to be possible to substantially modify and alter theconstruction details shown and described herein without departing fromthe spirit of my invention or enlarglng the scope thereof beyond thelimits of the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. In a machine gun, a frame, a barrel attached thereto, a firing pinheld therein, an operating member for said pin, rotatable cartridgeinjecting and ejecting means intermediate said pin and said barrel, andnormally spaced clutch means for operably connectlng said operatingmember with said injectin and ejecting means.

2. K machine gun havin a frame, a barrel attached thereto, a firing plnslidably held in the frame, a reciprocable operating member mounted insaid frame, a pair of rotors positioned intermediate the barrel andfiring pin for injecting and ejecting the cartridges, normally spacedclutch means for operably connecting said rotors with and for operationby said operating member, and means for locking said rotors againstaction during the firing operation.

3. A machine gun havin a reciprocable operatin member, a pair 0 opposedrotors having c ambers therein adapted to register at the firingposition forholding the cartridges during the firing thereof, saidoperating member being temporarily connected therewith previous to thefiring operation and normally disconnected therefrom and means thereonengaging one of said chambers for locking said rotatable elements duringthe firing operation.

4. A machine gun having an operating member, a pair of opposed rotorshaving chambers therein adapted to register at the firing position forholding the cartridges during the firing thereof, said operating memberbeing connected therewith, and means thereon engaging one of saidchambers for locking said rotatable elements during the firing o ration,and means supported independent y of said operating member and actuatedthereby for engaging one of 3 said rotor chambers for locking saidelements when said operating member is retracted. I

5. A machine gun including a pair of synchronous rotors with. peripheralchambers I therein adapted to register at the firing position forpositioning the cartridges, a reciprocable operating member, and anexten- S1011 on one of said rotors, means on sald operating memberengaging said extension for I rotating said rotors, means also on saidmember for locking said rotors against rotation during the firingoperation, and means supported independently of and actuated by saidmember for locking said rotors when said miembeli; is retracted. d f

'6. mac ine inc u in a pairo synchronous rotorsv fith peripEeralchambers therein adapted to register at the firing position forpositioning the cartridges, a reciprocable operating member, anextension means for manually cocking said gun for on one of said rotors,a sleeve on said extension, means on said member for engaging saidsleeve to effect the rotation of said rotor, means on said operatingmember for rotating said rotors, means also on said member for lockingsaid rotors against rotation during the firing operation, and meanssupported independently of said member for locking said rotors when saidmember is retracted and means on said operating member for operating andrestoring said independent locking means.

7. A machine gun having a reciprocable operating member, a pair ofcooperating rotors for holding the successive cartridges at firingposition, co-acting means on said member and on one of said rotors foractuating said rotors when said operating member is retracted forcooking the gun, means for limiting the action of said rotors and meansoperated by said operating member at opposite extremes of its movementfor locking said rotors against action for separate intervals previousto and during the firing operation.

8. A machine gun having a reciprocable operating member, a springnormally holding said member in firing position, means for retractingsaid member against the ten sion of said spring for cooking the'gun,rotatable cartridge holding means having pe ripheral chambers therein,for receiving the cartridges at the firing position, a firing pinintermediate the operating member and cartridge holding means, triggermeans for releasin said operating member and means on said operatingmember for operatingsaid cartridge holding means and said firing pin,and locking means on said operating means adapted to engage one of saidchambers for. locking said rotatable cartridge holding means during thefiring operation.

9. A machine gun having opposed synchronous rotors for holdingsuccessive cartridges at the firing position, a reciprocable operatingmember therefor, means for advancing and retracting said operatingmember, a trigger for releasing said member for operation, and separatemeans controlled by and on said operating member for locking said rotorsagainst action at diflerent positions of said operating member.

10. A machine gun having a stock, a pair of cooperating cartridgeholding rotors, a

reciprocable operating member therefor,

means for advancing and retracting said member for moving successivecartridges into firing position, meahs controlled by the movement ofsaid operating member for locking said rotors against rotation duringthe firing period, a trigger for releasing said operating member atwill, a lever pivoted on said stock and releasable by said trigger forlocking said member in cocked position, and

starting the operation of the gun.

11. A machine gun having a pair of cartridge feeding rotors providedwith peripheral cartridge chambers therein, an operating member slidabletherein, rotatable means connected with one of said rotors and operableby said member for operating said rotors, means on said member adaptedto be intermittently connected with and for operating said rotatablemeans, and means controlled by the movement of said operating memberadapted to engage one of said chambers for locking said cartridgefeeding means against action.

12. A machine gun having a pair of rotatable cartridge feedingcylinders, a recepciprocable operating member therefor, an extension onone of said cylinders, an independently rotatable member on saidextension intermediate said cartridge feeding means and said operatingmember, normally separated means for intermittently connecting saidelements together for regulating the movement of the cartridges to andfrom said firing position, and means controlled by the movement of saidoperating memberfor locking said cylinders against action during thefiring operation. W

13., A machine gun having a pair of rotors for feeding cartridges to thegun, a reciprocable operating member, clutch means interposed betweensaid operating member and one of said rotors, and automatic means forregulating the engagement and disengagement of said clutch, as setforth.

14. A machine gun having a driving rotor and a driven rotor adapted tocooperate for injecting and ejecting the cartridges, a recipro'cableoperating member connected with said driving rotor, means for advancingand retracting said operating member, locking means on said operatingmember for said driving rotor during the firing operation, and auxiliarylocking means therefor capable of operation by and when said operatingmemher is retracted for cooking the gun.

15. In a machine gun, the combination with a frame, a barrel attachedthereto, and a pair of co-acting rotors for holding the cartridges infiring position, of a firing pin slidably held in said frame inalinement with said barrel, an operating member slidably disposed insaid frame, and having an upwardly extended lug for engagement with saidpin, anextension on one of sa1d rotors, a clutch member on saidextension, a sleeve loosely held on said ertension, having a spiral slottherein, and a tooth on said operating member, adapted to engagesaldslot for rotating said sleeve, sa1d sleeve having a clutch memberon;,,the end thereof for engagement witlg said "fi'rst mentioned clutchmember, for rotating said rotors, as described,

16. In a machine gun, the combination with a frame, and a pair ofcooperating rotors having peripheral grooves therein for receiving thecartridges, of a firing pin, an operating member slidable in said frameand having an extension for engagement with said pin, means for operablyconnecting said operating member and one of said rotors for moving thecartridges into and from firing position, and a locking means supportedon said operating member and adapted to engage the grooves of one ofsaid rotors for preventing the rotation thereof during the firingoperation.

17. In a machine gun, the combination with a frame, and a pair ofcooperating rotors having peripheral grooves therein for receiving thecartridges, of a firing pin alined with said grooves, an operatingmember slidable in said frame and having an extension for engagementwith said pin, means for operably connecting said operating member andone of said rotors for moving the cartridges into and from firingposition, and a locking means supported on said operating member andadapted to engage the rooves of one of said rotors for preventing therotation thereof during the firin'g operation, a cylinder alined with aportion of saidoperating member, and a piston slidable in said cylinderand connected with said operating member whereby the gases formed in thebarrel of the gun may be gtilized for retracting said operating mem- 18.In a machine gun the combination with a frame, and a pair of cooperatingrotors having peripheral grooves therein for receiving the cartridges,of a firing pin.

alined with said grooves, an operating member slidable in said frame andhaving an extension for engagement with said pin, means for operablyconnecting said operat ing member, and one of said r'otors for movingthe cartridges into and from firing position, a locking means supportedon said operating member and adapted to engage the grooves of one ofsaid rotors for preventing the rotation thereof during the firingoperation, a cylinder alined with a portion of said operating member, apiston slidable in said cylinder and connected with said opermemberwhereby the gases formed in atin the iarrel of the gun may be utilizedfor retracting said operating member.

19. In a machine gun the combination with a frame, and'a pair ofcooperating ro-' tors having peripheral grooves therein for receivingthe cartridges, of a firing pin alined with said grooves, an operatingmemoperating member, a piston slidable in said"- cylinder and connectedwith said' operating member whereby the gases formed in the barrel ofthe gun may be utilized for retracting said operating member, a pivotedlatch for holding said operating member in retracted position, andadapted to be released by manual effort for firing the gun.

20/ In a machine gun the combination with a frame, and a pair ofcooperating rotors having peripheral grooves therein for receiving thecartridges, of a firing pin alined with said grooves, an operatingmember slidable in said frame and having an extension for engagementwith said pin, means for operably connecting said operating member, andone of said rotors for moving the cartridges into and from firingposition, a locking means supported on said operating member and adaptedto engage t e grooves of one of said rotors for prevent ing the rotationthereof during the firing operation, a cylinder alined With a portion ofsaid operating member, a piston slidable in said cylinder and connectedwith said oper-, ating member whereby the gases formed in the barrel ofthe gun may be utilized for retracting said operating member, a pivotedlatch for holding said operating member in retracted position, andadapted to be released by manual effort for firing the gun, and atrigger for releasing said latch.

21. A machine gun having a pair of cooperating rotors mounted in thebody thereof, in spaced relation, and provided with a series oflongitudinal grooves adapted to form cartridge chambers when moved intoregistration at the firing position, one of said rotors havlng anextension thereon,

geles, and State of California, this' 5th day of September, 1919.

LLOYD, EARL HODGES. In presence of- LUTHER L. MACK, H. M. BRUNDAGE.

